Chapter 3 : The Pre- Islamic Society
|
Societyمجتمع Pre-Islamic قبل الاسلام The change التغيير Take placeيحدث Result of نتيجة Unusual غير عادي Usualعادي Known forمعروف بـ Integrityأمانة/ صدق Reply- repliedيرد Addressيدعو Prophetنبي Lead- ledيقود The right path الطريق المستقيم Overwhelming majorityالغالبية العظمى Rejectيرفض Claimدعوة Reasonسبب Honestصادق- أمين Truthful حق Acceptيقبل Messageرسالة proverb حكمة- مثل Plightمحنه Neverthelessبالرغم/ مع هذا Generationجيل Revolutionثورة Throughoutخلال The Middle eastالشرق الأوسط Mankindالبشرية Limitedمحدد Periodفترة Timeوقت Strangeغريب Materializedيتحقق Revolutionizeتغيير ثوري Blood thirstyمتعطش للدماء Tribal feudsنزاعات قبلية Botherيضايق Import يستورد Exportيصدر Closed circleدائرة مغلقة Trendsاتجاهات Tribeقبيلة National identity الهوية القومية Comprisingشامل Centre round مرتكز على Insteadبدلاً من Divide intoمقسم الى Independent entity كينونة مستقلة Commonمعروف / منتشر Lootingالسلب و النهب Practice ممارسة Tribal attack هجوم قبلي Creatينشئ/ يخلق Situationموقف Lastيدوم Historical recordsسجلات تاريخية Bloody feudsنزاعات دموية Adventقدوم Victorious منتصر Rightحق Enslaveيستعبد Slaveعبد Captureيأسر Defeatيهزم Defeated مهزوم Slave dealersتجار الرقيق Supremeعالي / مسيطر Flourishing marketسوق مزدهر Lawقانون Sole possessorالمالك/ المسيطر الوحيد Includingشامل على Controlسيطرة Entitledيعطي الحق Affordيقدر مالياً Superstitionخرافة Rampantمنتشر Mannerسلوك Privilegedمحظوظ/ مميز Unprivilegedغير محظوظ/ غير مميز Diseaseمرض Causesاسباب Cruel قاسي Selfish انانى Humble متواضع Craftsmanحرفي Serve يخدم Thankfulشاكر Shepherdراعي Servant خادم Slaveعبد Slavery عبودية Tribal feudsنزاعات قبلية Inequality غير متساوي / عدم المساواة Ignoranceتجاهل/ جاهلية Spreadينتشر Attack هجوم/ يهاجم Counter- attack هجوم مضاد Positive ايجابي Negativeسلبي Elements عناصر /صفات/ سمات Eradicate يقضي على Advent of Islam قدوم الاسلام Traits صفات Herd القطيع Extensive واسع المدى Scanty نادر Heritage ميراث Wander يتجول Wonder يتعجب Physical power القدرة البدنية Miserly بائسة Bravery شجاعه Hostile معادي Reinforce يقوى Customsعادات
|
Deep-rootedعميق الجذور Well-knownمعروف- مشهور Cultureثقافة Exceptionاستثناء Effectيؤثر Affectتأثير Establishedمؤسس Miraculousاعجازي Depthعمق Conditionsظروف Al-Jahiliahالجاهلية Ignoranceتجاهل/ جهل Broad senseبكل معنى الكلمة Beneficialمفيد Aspects of lifeجوانب الحياة Outstandingبارز Civilizationحضارة Eraعصر/ فترة Illiterateأمي Effortمجهود Educateيعلم Educationيتعلم Surrounded byمحاط بـ Enrichيثري Heritageتراث Ancientقديم Modernحديث Persianفارسي In contact withعلى صلة بـ Periodicallyمن فترة الى أخرى Caravansقوافل Scarcelyنادراً Stableمستقر Inhabitantsسكان Bedouinsبدو On the moveمرتحل Infantsأطفال Maleذكر Femaleأنثى Grow up يكبر Enemyعدو Fighterمقاتل Guardيحرس Revengeينتقم / انتقام Againstضد Attackيهاجم Succeed in ينجح في Uselessبلا فائدة Burdenعبء Extentمدى/ حد Buryingدفن Buryيدفن Innocentبرئ Guiltyمذنب Consideredيعتبر Thusلهذا السبب Terribleفظيع Cruelقاس Spare= avoidيتجنب Costيتكلف Rearingتربية Attemptsمحاولات Imaginary خيالي Usefulمفيد Considered يعتبر Sectorقطاع Irresponsibleغير مسئول Supernatural forcesقوى خارقة للطبيعة Vicious circleدائرة مفرغة Tradeتجارة Leisure Time وقت Gambled يقامر Engagedمشغول بـ Breeding animalsيربي الحيوانات Licentiousاباحي Sorcery الشعوذة Pretendيتظاهر Inflated senseاحساس زائد Importance أهمية Limitحد Freedomحرية Manual work اعمال يدوية Boastful متباهي/ متفاخر Aggressiveعدواني Societyمجتمع Treat يعامل Patientsمرضى Behaviour سلوك Behave يسلك Beneath its dignityأقل من أن يليق بها Compose of يتكون من Ordersأوامر Phobicخوف مرضي Depressedمحبط Submissive خاضع/ ذليل Primitiveبدائي Refuge ملجأ Hospitableمضياف Hospitality كرم الضيافة Attract يجذب Courage شجاعه Survive يبقى على قيد الحياة Necessity ضرورة Lurkيتربص Environment بيئة Natural طبيعى Face يواجه Exposeيتعرض Brave شجاع Share يشارك/ يتقاسم Tents خيام Sprang from نابع من Threaten يهدد Sheer مجرد Defend يدافع Heart of the desert قلب الصحراء The unknown المجهول
|
1- When did Muhammed (p.b.u.h) address the people of Mecca to Islam?
In the year 610 A.D.
2- What did the prophet (p.b.u.h) tell the Meccan?
He told them that he was a prophet sent by Almighty God to lead them along the right path.
3- Who sent Muhammed (p.b.u.h)?
Almighty God sent Muhammed(p.b.u.h).
4- Why did Almighty Allah send the prophet (p.b.u.h)?
To lead the people along the right path.
5-What was the reaction of the Meccans?
The overwhelming majority of the Meccan people rejected the prophet’s claim.
6-Why did the Meccans reject the prophet’s claim?
However honest and truthful the prophet is, his countrymen would find it difficult to accept his
claim that he was chosen by God to deliver his message.
7-What is the plight of all prophets?
The plight is there is no prophet in his own country. “Nul n’est prophete dans son pays”
8-What is the strange about the prophet’s claim?
The strange about the claim that its change is it spread in a short time and deeply rooted also.
It is well-established and has great effect.
9-What is “Al Jahiliah”? What does “ Al Jahiliah” mean?
Al Jahiliah is the pre-Islamic period which means ignorance of what is beneficial to man in
all aspects of life.
10- Describe the Arabs of “Al Jahilia”.
The Arabs of Al-Jahilia were illiterate people and made no effort to educate themselves
or their children.
11- What was the pre-Islamic Arabia surrounded by?
The pre-Islamic Arabia was surrounded by the most outstanding civilizations that enriched
man’s heritage.
12- What were the civilizations?
To the west the ancient Egyptians civilization .To the east the Persian. To the north, the Roman.
To the south Yemen.
13- How were the Arabs in contact with the countries?
They sent caravans to the countries periodically.
14- Why were the Arabs scarcely affected by the surrounding cultures?
Because the pre-Islamic society was not stable. Most of the inhabitants were Bedouins who
were always on the move. Also, their blood thirsty tribal feuds kept them too busy to bother
about importing any useful trends from outside their closed circle.
15- What did the pre-Islam Arab society center round?
The tribe.
16- What was the common practice in Pre-Islamic Arabia?
Tribal feuds and looting.
17- What was the right of the victorious tribe?
The victorious tribe had the right to enslave whoever was captured from the defeated tribe.
18- Why were male infants more welcome than females?
Because the male infant would grow up to be a fighter who would guard the tribe against its
enemies and take revenge on them if they succeeded in attacking his own tribe.
19- Why did the cruel fathers bury their female infant alive?
a) to spare themselves the trouble and the cost of rearing a female child.
b) because in later years they bring shame upon the family if her behaviour was irresponsible.
20- How was the pre- Islamic Arabs spend their time?
a) fighting b) looting c) breeding camels and sheep
d) in trade e) drank alcohol f) gambled g) behaved in a licentious manner.
21- Why did people resort to sorcery?
For cures from disease.
22- How did sorcery treat them?
The sorcers gave imaginary causes for diseases and pretend to make use of supernatural forces in their attempts to treat their patients.
23- Describe the privileged sector .
The privileged sector was :1- aggressive 2- boastful 3- cruel 4- selfish
5- it had an inflated sense of its own importance.
6- wouldn’t accept any limit to its freedom of action except tradition.
7- it was there to fight , give orders, and be served.
8- the manual work was considered beneath its dignity.
24- Describe the unprivileged sector .
1-It was composed of servants and slaves. 2- It was submissive.
3- depressed 4- phobic
5- It did the work of the shepherd and the humble craftsman.
6- It was there to serve and be thanked.
25- What were the positive elements of the pre-Islamic society?
Bravery and hospitality.
26- Why did the Bedouins light fires outside their tents at night?
To attract those that were in need of refuge and help.
27- the bloody feuds between El- Aws and El- Khazraj lasted a hundred years till the advent of Islam.
28- The pre- Islamic Arab society centered round the tribe. There was no national identity comprising all the Arabs.
29- The Arabs were divided into many tribes each of which had its independent identity.
30 – The slavery was common in Arabia.
31- The looting was a common practice in the pre- Islamic Arabia.
32- The man was the supreme master inside the family. He was the sole possessor of every thing.
33- Hospitality was a common heritage in a society.
34- The desert played an important part in forming the traits.
35- The hospitality was a necessity in the extensive desert where death lurked round every corner threatening the ever wandering Bedouins .
36- The fittest who survived in the desert.
37- Life in the desert managing by sheer physical power.
38- tradition is the only limit to the freedom of action.
39- sorcery and superstition were rampant in the pre- Islamic society.
40- the society was divided into privileged and unprivileged sectors.
41- Islameradicate the negative elements and reinforce the positive ones.