Unit 7 Health and safety
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Health الصحة Healthy صحي Unhealthy غير صحي Safe أمن Safety أمان Danger خطر Dangerous خطير Flu انفلونزا Bird flu انفلونزا الطيور Swine flu انفونزا خنازير Infect يعدي/ يصيب بعدوى Infected معدي Infection عدوى Die of يموت بسبب Humans البشر Disease مرض Illness مرض Outbreak يتفشى (المرض) Wild animals حيوانات برية Wild birds الطيور البرية Catch disease يصاب بالمرض Cleanliness النظافة Hygiene النظافة الشخصية Sanitation النظافة العامة |
Stomach المعدة Rules قواعد Bathe يستحم Wash يغسل Protect يحمي Protection حماية Instructions تعليمات Advice نصائح Advise ينصح Poster بوستر Fit لائق بدنياً Remember يتذكر Forget ينسى Neighbor جار Weight وزن Weigh يزن Put on يزيد فى الوزن Gym الجيم Attract يجذب Attraction جذب Attractive جذاب Meal وجبة Dirty قذر Clean نظيف |
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Germ جراثيم Public عام Private خاص Important هام Covered with مغطى بـ Careful حريص Careless مهمل Make sure يتأكد Tap صنبور Disappointed محبط Pleased راض Inspect يفتش/ يشرف Equip يعد/ يجهز Equipment معدات / أجهزة |
Poison سم Poisonous مسمم Smell يشم/ رائحة Dish طبق Keep يحتفظ Patient مريض Hospital مستشفي Look after يعتنى بـ Serious خطير Advertisementsاعلانات Tin علبة معدنية Piece قطعة Boil يغلي Commercials اعلانات |
Vocabulary
- Health (n.) the general condition of your body and how healthy you are.
- Healthy (adj.) strong and not likely to become ill.≠unhealthy
- Safe (adj.) not in danger of being harmed.
- Safety (n.) when people are safe from danger or harm.
- Danger (n.) the possibility that someone or somrthing will be harmed.
- Dangerous (adj.) able or likely to harm you.
- Flu (n.) a common disease which is like a bad cold but is more serious.
- Infect (v.) to give someone a disease.
- Infected (adj.) someone who is infected with a disease has the disease.
- Infection (n.) a disease in part of your body caused by bacteria or a virus.
- Die of = die from (v.) to stop living because of.
- Humans (n.) a man, woman or child.
- Disease (n.) an illness or serious medical condition.
- Illness (n.) a disease of your body or mind or the state of having disease.
- Outbreak (n.) when something bad like a serious disease or war starts.
- Wild (adj.) wild animals and plants live or grow in natural conditions and are not looked after by people on farms, in gardens.
- Cleanliness (n.) the practice of being clean or keeping things.
- Hygiene (n.) the practice of keeping yourself and the things around you clean in order to prevent disease.
- Sanitation (n.) the protection of public health by removing and treating waste, dirty water.
- Stomach (n.) the part of your body where food is digested.
- Rules (n.) instructions that say how something should be done or what is allowed.
- Bathe (v.) to wash yourself in a bath.
- Wash (v.) to clean something with water and often soap.
- Protect (v.) to prevent someone or something from being harmed or damaged.
- Protection (n.) when someone or something is protected or something that protects you.
- Instructions (n.) (usually plural) information or advice that tells you how to do or use something.
- Advice (n.) what you say to someone when you tell them what you think they should do.
- Advise (v.) to tell someone what you think they should do.
- Poster (n.) a large notice, picture used to advertise something or as a decoration.
- Fit (adj.) suitable and good enough.
- Remember (v.) to have in your memory people, places and events from the past.
- Forget (v.) to be unable to remember information, something that happened or how to do something.
- Neighbor (n.) someone who lives in a house or apartment very near you.
- Weight (n.) the amount that someone or something weighs.
- Weigh (v.) to have a particular weight.
- Put on (v.) to put clothes on your body.
- Gym (n.) a special hall or room that has equipment for doing physical exercise.
- Attract (v.) to make someone like something or feel interested in it.
- Attraction (n.) something that attracts people because it is interesting or enjoyable.
- Attractive (adj.) pretty or pleasant to look at.
- Meal (n.) a time when you eat food or the food that is eaten then.
- Dirty (adj.) not clean.
- Clean (adj.) not dirty.
- Germ (n.) a very small living thing that can make you ill.
- Public (adj.) relating to all the ordinary people in a country or area.
- Private (adj.) for use by only one person or group not for everyone.
- Important (adj.) having a big effect or influence.
- Covered with (adj.) there is a lot of a substance on the surface of something.
- Careful (adj.) trying very hard to avoid doing anything wrong or damaging something.
- Careless (adj.) not paying enough attention to what you are doing.
- Make sure (v.)= sure (adj.) certain about something.
- Poison (n.) a substance that can kill or harm you if you eat it, drink it.
- Poisonous (adj.) containing poison.
- Smell (v.) to have a particular smell.
- Smell (n.) the quality by which you know what things are using your nose.
- Dish (n.) a round container with low sides, used for holding food.
- Keep (v.) to continue to be in the same condition, state or position and not change or move.
- Patient (n.) someone who is being treated by a doctor or a nurse.
- Hospital (n.) a building where sick or injured people receive medical treatment.
- Look after (v.) to take care of someone or something.
- Serious (adj.) a serious problem, situation is bad and worrying.
- Advertisement (n.) a set of words or pictures in a newspaper, magazine or a short film on television that advertises a product.
- Tin (n.) a small metal container in which food is sold.
- Piece (n.) a part of something that has been separated or broken off from the rest of it.
- Boil (v.) if you boil liquid or it boils, it becomes so hot that bubbles rise to the surface and the liquid changes to gas.
- Tap (n.) something that you turn on or off in order to control the flow of water from a pipe.
- Disappointed (adj.) unhappy because something you hoped for did not happen or was not as good as you expected.
- Pleased (adj.) happy or satisfied.
- Inspect (v.) to make an official visit to a building or organization to check that everything is of a good enough standard.
- Equip (v.) to provide someone or something with the things that are needed for a particular purpose.
- Equipment (n.) the things that are used for a particular activity.
- Commercials (n.) advertisements on television or radio.
Listening
Listen and complete:
Listen to a radio programme. Are these sentences True or False:
a Three hundred people had died of bird flu by 2007.
b Not everyone who caught the disease died.
c The disease started in Africa.
d Only wild birds and animals can catch bird flu.
e Cats can catch bird flu.
f It is not possible for humans to protect themselves from bird flu.
Reading
Read the following text then answer the question:
Cleanliness is extremely important in protecting us from infections. Hygiene (your own cleanliness) and sanitation (public cleanliness) are both important. Many infections of the stomach pass from one person to another because of bad sanitation and hygiene. If a child has dirty hands, they will be covered with millions of germs which we cannot see. If that child gives sweets to another child, some of those germs will be passed to the other child. When this child eats the sweets, he will eat some of the germs and may become ill. The child’s mother may say that it is because her child ate the sweets, but it is really because her child ate the other child’s germs. These are some of the rules of hygiene. You should always wash your hands before a meal. You should bathe more often in hot weather or when you have been running or been to the gym.
You should also be very careful about the food you eat and the water you drink. Make sure that flies and other insects do not land on your food. Insects eat dirt and there are germs in dirt. If insects land on your food, they may pass their germs on to you. You must not leave pieces of food or dirty dishes lying around, because they will attract flies. You can protect food from flies and germs by covering it. You should always boil tap water before you drink it. Finally , you must never eat food that smells bad because it may be poisonous. Do not eat food from a tin if the tin is damaged; the food will probably.
Read and answer:
Read the text then choose the correct meanings for these words:
1-cleanliness: (being dirty/ being clean)
2-fly: (a common kind of insect / a bird)
3-poisonous: (containing something that can kill you or make you ill / containing something that tastes good)
Skim the text then choose the best title for the text:
a) How to avoid illness
b) Hygiene and sanitation
c)Germs and infection
Answer the following questions:
a) What is the difference in meaning between hygiene and sanitation?
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b) How do stomach problems begin?
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c) How often should you bathe or wash?
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d) What does a damaged tin of food tell you?
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e) Why is cleanliness important?
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f) What should you always do before a meal?
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Refer to the antecedents of the pronouns
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Line No.4: 1-What does the underlined word (they) refer to? Line No.6: 2-What does the underlined word (he) refer to? Line No.17: 3-What does the underlined word (it) refer to? |
Speaking
Prepare to speak
You are going to give advice about how people can stay healthy.
You can use the following questions:
· How can exercise help?
· What should you remember about food and drink?
· Why is hygiene important?
· How much sleep should you have a night?
· How can you keep safe on the roads?
Writing
If you want to get the public to give them advice which way do you want to use and why?
· TV or radio.
· Newspaper advertisement.
· Letter or e-mail.
· Street advertisement.
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Grammar
Must / Mustn’t
Must" is most commonly used to express certainty. It can also be used to express necessity or strong recommendation.
Must shows certainty, or the belief of certainty, from the speaker.
Must not, Mustn't (prohibition)
We use must not to say that something is not permitted or allowed, for example:
· This must be the right address! certainty
· Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this school.
necessity
· You must take some medicine for that cough.
strongrecommendation
· Jenny, you must not play in the street! prohibition
· Everyone is wearing a jacket. It must be cold.
· Passengers must not talk to the driver. prohibition
Should and Shouldn't
· We use should and shouldn't to give advice or to talk about what we think is right or wrong.
· You should means something like I think it is a good idea for you to do it.
· You shouldn't means something like I think it is a bad idea for you to do it.
· Shouldis used to express the opinion of a speaker and often follows I think or I don't think.
*You look tired. I think you should take a few days off.
*Alice works very long hours. She should to talk to her boss.
* I have an English test tomorrow.
* I shouldn't worry if I were you. You have worked really hard.
* I never have enough money.
* I don't think you should go out so much.
· To give advice to someone you can also say:
I should do it if I were you.
I shouldn't be so rude, if I were you.
· When you regret not doing something in the past, you can say:
I shouldn't have spoken to him like that.
I should have apologized earlier.
Match sentence a-d with one of these meanings:
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Sentence
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Meaning |
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a)You mustn’t smoke in hospitals. |
A rule or law |
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b)You must wash if you have touched an infected bird. |
A suggestion |
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c)You should always wash your hands before you eat. |
Advice |
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d)You should try playing tennis. It’s a great game. |
Very strong advice |
Reply using must/ mustn’t, should/ shouldn’t and the words in brackets :
a) I’m really tired. (bed / earlier)
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b)How fast can I drive on the motorway? (not more than 110 kph)
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c)I want to speak better English. (practise talking to/ teacher)
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d)I really need to get fit. (go/gem/ more often)
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e)I’m putting on weight. (eat/ so many sweets)
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f)I’m going to buy a car when I’m living in England. (remember/ drive on the left)
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