Lag يتأخر                                                           Lagging متأخر                                                             Nation أمة                                                       Glad سعيد                                                         Raise question يثير سؤال                                                       Judge يحكم                                                       Leader قائد                                                     Empire امبراطورية                                                                     Spread ينتشر                                                     Ocean محيط                                                     Borders حدود                                                                                   Scholars دارسين                                                                           Distinguished متميز                                                              Architecture بناء معماري                                                        Astronomy علم الفلك                                                                Science علوم

Philosophyفلسفة                                                                            Mathematics رياضيات                                     Renaissance نهضة                                                                Acknowledge يعترف بـ                                                       Western غربي                                                            Eastern شرقي                                                                Culture ثقافة                                                                                 Civilization حضارة                                                             Intellectual فكري                                                            Social اجتماعي                                                                           Splendours روائع / مباهج                                                     Remain يظل                                                                               Darkness ظلام                                                                        Ignorance الجهل                                                                Factor عامل                                                                         Rise ارتفاع

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fall سقوط                                                         Certain معين/ محدد                                           Govern يحكم                                                     Sociologist عالم اجتماع                                     Sociology علم الاجتماع                                       Founder منشئ / مؤسس                                       Life cycle دورة الحياة                                       Infancy مهد                                                     Childhood طفولة                                             Youth شباب                                                       Old age كهولة / شيخوخة                                   Downfall انهيار                                                 Birth ميلاد                                                         Egyptian مصري                                             Greek يوناني                                                       Roman روماني                                                 Persian فارسي                                                   Growth نمو                                                     Stages مراحل                                                   Expect يتوقع

Alienation ابتعاد                                             Brotherhood إخوة                                           Altruism ايثار / حب الغير                                   Enmity عداوة                                                   Disunity فرقة / عدم الوحدة                                 Selfishness أنانية                                             Overwhelmed يقهر                                         Welfare رفاهية                                                 Personal شخصي                                             Pleasure متعة                                                   Neglect يهمل                                                   Decadence انحلال                                           Superstition الشعوذة                                       Sectarianism الانقسام إلى طوائف                       Righteousness الصلاح                                   Equality المساواة                                             Life hereafter الحياة الأخرى                             Recover يشفى                                                   Regain يستعيد                                                   Prophet نبي

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Created خلق / انشأ                                           Faith إيمان                                                         Status درجة                                                     Adherence التمسك بـ                                       Momentum دافع / قوة

Cause of سبب                                                   Progress تقدم                                                     Principles مبادئ                                             Put into practice ينفذ                                       Idea فكرة

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

_Vocabulary

• _{Lag (v.) develop more slowly (than others)}
• _{Nation (n.) a large group of people with the same race and language living in one area and usually having an independent government.}
• _{Glad (adj.) pleased and happy.}
• _{Raise a question (v.) bring up a subject for discussion.}
• _{Judge (v.) a public official who has the power to decide questions brought before a court of law.}
• _{Leader (n.) a person that leads or is in advance of others.}
• _{Leader (n.) a person who guides or directs a group, movement.}
• _{Empire (n.) a group of countries under one government usually ruled by an emperor.}
• _{Spread (v.) cover a large area.}
• _{Ocean (n.) the great mass of salt water that covers most of the earth.}
• _{Borders (n.) land near the dividing line between two countries.}
• _{Scholars (n.) a person with great knowledge of a subject.}
• _{Distinguish oneself (v.) behave so as to bring credit to oneself.}
• _{Architecture (n.) The art and science of building , including its planning, making and decoration.}
• _{Astronomy (n.) the scientific study of the sun , moon, stars.}
• _{Science (n.) the study of knowledge which depends on testing facts and stating general natural laws.}
• _{Science (n.) any of the branches of knowledge which studied at university.}
• _{Philosophy (n.) the study of the nature and meaning of existence , reality, knowledge, goodness.}
• _{Mathematics (n.) maths (n.) the study or science of numbers.}
• _{Renaissance (n.) the period which art, literature and science widely studied .}
• _{Acknowledge (v.) recognize the fact or existence.}
• _{Start (v.) begin.}
• _{Western (adj.) belonging to the west part of the world or of a country.}
• _{Eastern (adj.) belonging to the east part of the world or of a country.}
• _{Culture (n.) the particular system of art , thought, and customs of a society.}
• _{Civilization (n.) a stage of human social development especially one with a high level of art, religion, science, government and a written language.}
• _{Intellectual (adj.) able to use the intellect well, showing unusual reasoning powers.}
• _{Social (adj.) concerning human society or its organization.}
• _{Splendours (n.) grand beauty and magnificence.}
• _{Remain (v.) to stay or be left behind after others have gone.}
• _{Remain (v.) To continue to be in an unchanged state.}
• _{Darkness of ignorance (n.) unlightened lack of knowledge.}
• _{Factor (n.) condition or circumstance helping to bring about a result.}
• _{Rise (v.) to go up/ get higher.}
• _{Rise (n.) the act of growing greater or more powerful.}
• _{Fall (v.) to become lower in level, degree or quantity.}
• _{Fall (n.) an act of falling.}
• _{Certain (determiner/ pronoun) some but not a lot.}
• _{Govern (v.) control.}
• _{Sociologist (n.) expert in sociology.}
• _{Sociology (n.) scientific study of societies and human behavior in groups.}
• _{Founder (n.) a person who founds something .}
• _{Life cycle (n.) progression through different stages of development.}
• _{Infancy (n.) early childhood.}
• _{Childhood (n.) the time or condition of being a child.}
• _{Youth (n.) the period of being young, early life.}
• _{Old age (n.) advanced in age.}
• _{Downfall (n.) ruin.}
• _{Birth (n.) the act or time of being born of coming into the world.}
• _{Growth (n.) the act or rate of growing and developing.}
• _{Growth (n.) increase in numbers or amount.}
• _{Stages (n.) periods.}
• _{Expect (v.) to think that someone or something will come or that something will happen. To believe, hope and think}
• _{Alienation (n.) turning away.}
• _{Brotherhood (n.) the quality of being brothers.}
• _{Altruism (n.) consideration of the happiness and good of others before one’s own , unselfishness.}
• _{Enmity (n.) particular feeling of hatred.}
• _{Disunity (n.) lack of unity.}
• _{Selfish(adj.) concerned only with one’s own advantage without care others.     Selfishness (n.)}
• _{Overwhelmed (v.) defeat or overcome.}
• _{Welfare (n.) wellbeing.}
• _{Personal (adj.) concerning , belonging to , or for the use of a particular person , private. Done or made directly by a particular person.}
• _{Pleasure (n.) the feeling of happiness or satisfaction resulting from an experience that one likes.}
• _{Neglect (v.) to give too little attention or care to.}
• _{Decadence (n.) fall to a worse level.}
• _{Superstition (n.) belief in magic and the supernatural.}
• _{Sectarianism (n.) tendency to split up or work in the interest of sects.}
• _{Righteousness (n.) lawfulness and moral good.}
• _{Equality (n.) the state of being equal.}
• _{Ignorance (n.) the lack of knowledge.}
• _{Life hereafter (n.) life after death.}
• _{Recover (v.) to return to the proper state of health, strength, ability.}
• _{Regain (v.) win back.}
• _{Prophet (n.) a man who believes that he is directed by God’s will and to lead and teach religion.}
• _{Create(v.) to cause something new, to exist, produce something new.}
• _{Faith (n.) strong belief, trust a system of religious belief, religion.}
• _{Status (n.) high social position.}
• _{Adherence (n.) remaining faithful.}
• _{Momentum (n.) importance , force.}
• _{Cause of (n.) reason.}
• _{Progress (n.) continual improvement or development, advance.}
• _{Principles (n.) high personal standards of what is right and wrong used as a guide to behavior. The general rules on which a skill, science is based.}
• _{Put into practice (v.) carry out.}
• _{Idea (n.) an opinion, a plan, a suggestion.}

 

_{Questions and answers}

_{1-Why is Ahmed sad?}

_{Because the Muslims countries are lagging behind in many fields.}

 

_{2-How wide was the Muslims empire?}

_{The Muslims empire spread from the Atlantic Ocean to the borders of China.}

 

_{3-What are the fields which the Muslims were distinguished in?}

_{Muslims scholars distinguished themselves in the fields of science, medicine, philosophy, mathematics, architecture, astronomy and many other sciences.}

 

_{4-What is the effect of Islam? What was the most important factor in the rise of the Arabs?}

_{Islam was the most important factor in the rise of the Arabs and the spread of Islamic civilization all over the known world at that time.}

 

_{5-Who is the founder of modern sociology?}

_{Ibn Khaldoun.}

 

_{6- What do you know about Ibn Khadoun?}

_{He is Arab sociologist and he is the founder of modern sociology.}

 

_{7-What is the life cycle?}

_{a)Infancy                   b) Childhood                     c) Youth}

_{d) Old age                 e) Downfall}

 

_{8-What does Islam call for?}

_{Islam calls for brotherhood , unity, altruism and power.}

 

_{9-What was the most important factor in the downfall of Islamic civilization?}

_{The Muslim’s alienation from the spirit of Islam.}

 

_{10-What did the Muslim rulers spread before their downfall?}

_{They spread enmity, disunity and selfishness.}

 

_{11-What did Muslim rules care for?}

_{Muslim rulers care for their own personal pleasures and neglected the welfare of Muslims as whole.}

 

_{12-What did the strong Islamic society base on?}

_{a)faith           b)righteousness        c)freedom         d)equality}              

_{e) brotherhood   f) they worked for both this life and life hereafter.}