Bone عظمة                                                   Back boneعمود فقري                                      Scalesقشور                                                  Finsزعانف                                                   Fur فراء                                                      Feathers ريش                                             Cover يغطي                                                Wildlife الحياة البرية                                      Sharpحاد                                                   Adapt يتكيف                                                Adopt يتبنى                                                 Glacier نهر جليدي                                          Iceberg جبل جليدي                                        Moisture رطوبة                                          Prey فريسة                                                 Pole قطب                                                    Polar فطبي                                                 Polar bear دب قطبي                                     Thick كثيف                                                 Skin جلد                                                    Leather جلد                                               Protectionحماية                                         Protect يحمي

Swim يسبح                                                 Fly يطير                                                     Plant     نبات                                                  animal حيوان                                              Favouriteمفضل                                           The most الأكثر                                           The least الأقل                                            Climb يتسلق                                                 Teeth أسنان                                                  Tooth سنه                                                     Feedيطعم                                                    Sharp حاد                                                   Rain forestالغابة المطيرة                                 Horse riding ركوب الخيل                                 Mountain جبل                                             Hillتل                                                         Sand storm عاصفة رملية                                Huntيصطاد                                                 Enormousضخم                                           Tiny ضئيل                                                    Incredible لايصدق                                          Senseحاسة                                                  During أثناء

 

 

Undergroundتحت الأرض                            Desert صحراء                                           Miceفئران                                                 Orangutanانسان الغابة (قرد)                           Branchesاغصان                                          Insectحشرة                                                Lifeحياة                                                    Quietهادئ                                                  Southجنوب                                               Northشمال                                                East شرق                                                  Westغرب                                                Proudفخور                                                Nest عش                                                   Rest يستريح                                                 Jungleغابة                                                  Environment البيئة

Encyclopediaموسوعة                                     K.p.h Kilo meter per hourكيلو متر في الساعة              Galaxyمجرة                                                 Continent قارة                                            Countryدولة                                               City مدينة كبيرة                                            Townمدينة صغيرة                                         Villageقرية                                                  Guessيخمن                                                 Extremeأقصى درجة                                     Holdيمسك                                                  Rainيمطر                                                   Spend timeيقضي وقت                                  Spend moneyينفق مال                                  Grasslandحشائش                                         sand catالقط الرملي

 

Vocabulary

·Bone (n.) one of the hard parts of the body which protect the organs within and round which are the flesh and skin.

·Scales (n.) the small stiff pieces forming the outer body covering of fish, snakes.

·Fin (n.) a wing like part that a fish uses in swimming.

·Fur (n.) the soft thick fine hair that covers the body of some types of animal, such as bears, rabbits, cats. A hair-covered skin of certain animals used for clothing.

·Feathers (n.) parts of the covering which grow on a bird’s body, like a thin thick with soft hair- like material on each side.

·Cover (v.) to place or spread something upon, over, or in front of something in order to protect, hide.

·Wild (adj.) living in natural conditions or having natural qualities.(not civilized)

.Wild life (n.) animals and plants which live in a wild state.

·Sharp (adj.) having a thin cutting edge or a fine point ≠blunt.

. Adapt (v.) to change so as to be or make suitable for new needs, different conditions.

· Adopt (v.) to take someone’s else child into one’s family and to take on the full responsibilities in law of a parent.

. Foster (v.) to care for a child or young animal as one’s own for a certain period and without taking on the full lawful responsibilities of the parent.

·Extreme (adj.) the furthest possible at the very beginning or very end.

.Extreme (adj.) the farthest possible going beyond the usual limits.

·Glacier (n.) a mass of ice which moves very slowly down a mountain valley.

·Iceberg (n.) a very large piece of ice floating in the sea, most of which is below the surface.

·Moisture (n.) water or other liquids in small quantities or in the form of steam or mist.

·Prey (n.) an animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal. A way of life based on killing and eating other animals.

·Pole (n.) either end of an imaginary straight line (axis) around which a solid round mass turns especially the most northern and southern ppints of the surface of the earth.

·Polar (adj.) of, near , like , or coming from lands near the North or south poles.

·Polar bear (n.) a large white bear that lives near the North Pole.

·Thick (adj.) having a large distance between opposite surface (not thin)

·Skin (n.) the natural outer covering of an animal or human body from which hair may grow.

·Leather (n.) treated animal skin used for making shoes, bags.

·Protect (v.) to keep safe by guarding or covering.

·Protection (n.) the act of protecting or state of being protected.

·Swim (v.) to move through water by moving the limbs and legs or tail.

·Fly (v.) to move through the air by means of wings or a machine.

·Plant (n.) a living thing that has leaves and roots and grows usually in earth especially the kind smaller than trees.

·Animal (n.)a living creature, having senses and able to move itself when it wants to.

·Favourite (adj.) something or someone that is loved above all others.

·Most (determiner) superlative of (many/much)the greatest number or amount.

·Least (determiner) superlative of little in the smallest degree.

·Climb (v.) to move especially from a lower to higher position especially by using the hands and feet.

·Teeth (n.) plural of tooth.

·Tooth (n.) one of the small hard bony objects in the mouth, used for biting and tearing food.

·Feed (v.) to give food to.

·Rainforest (n.) a wet tropical forest with tall trees growing thickly together.

·Horse-riding (n.) the skill or exercise of travelling on a horse.

·Mountain (n.) a very high hill usually of bare or snow-covered rock.

·Hill (n.) a raised part of the earth’s surface, not so high as a mountain, and not usually so bare, rocky.

·Sandstorm (n.) windstorm in which sand is blown about in a desert.

·Hunt (v.) to chase in order to catch and kill animals and birds either for food or for sport.

·Enormous (adj.) very large indeed.

·Tiny (adj.) very small indeed.

·Incredible (adj.) too strange to be believed, unbelievable.

·Sense (n.) a power to understand and make judgments about something.

·During (prep.) all through a length of time.

·Underground(adj.) below the surface of the earth.

·Desert (n.) a large sandy piece of land where there is very little rain and not many plants.

·Orangutan (n.) a large red haired monkey with no tail.

·Branch (n.) an arm like part or division of some material thing especially a tree.

·Life (n.) the active force that enables animals and plants to continue existing.

·Insect (n.) a small creature with no bones and hand outer covering , six legs, and body divided into three parts such as an ant or fly.

·Quiet (adj.) with little noise.

·Proud (adj.) having and showing self- respect.

·Environment (n.) the natural or social conditions in which people live.

·Grassland (n.) a stretch of land covered mainly with grass especially land used for cattle to feed on.

·Jungle (n.) a tropical forest too thick to walk through easily.

·Nest (n.) a hallow place built or found by a bird for a home and a place to keep its eggs.

·Rest (n.) a period of freedom from action or anything tiring.

·Rain (n.) water falling in separate drops from the clouds.

·Hold (v.) to keep or support with a part of the body especially with hands.

·Spend time (v.) to use or pass time.

·Spend money (v.) to give out money in payment.

·Encyclopedia (n.) a book or set of books dealing with every branch of knowledge, or with one particular branch.

·Guess (v.) to form a judgment or risk giving an opinion without knowing or considering all the facts.

·Galaxy (n.) any of the large groups of stars which make up the universe.

·Continent (n.) any of the seven main large masses of land on the earth.

·Country (n.) a nation or state with its land or population.

·City (n.) large and important groups of houses, buildings especially with a centre where amusements can be found and business goes on.

·Town (n.) a large group of houses and other buildings where people live and work.

·Village (n.) a collection of houses and other buildings in a country areas smaller than a town.

 

 

Grammar

Questions

There are two kinds of questions: Yes/No questions and Wh-questions.

1.Yes / No Questions

 

The answer on this kind of questions with yes / No and the questions must have an auxiliary verb or modal verb.

The auxiliary verbs

Verb to Do : {Do, Does, Did}

*Does he speak English well?

 Yes, he speaks English well.

Verb to Have:{Have, Has, Had}

*Has he finished the exercise?

 No, he hasn’t finished the exercise.

Verb to Be: {am, is , are, was, were, being, been}

*Are they playing football tomorrow?

 Yes, they are playing football tomorrow.

 

The Modal verbs

{Can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must, had to}

*Can she swim?

 Yes,she can swim.

*Will the teacher be pleased ?

 No, he won’t be pleased.

*Must I be there at four O’clock?

 Yes, you are.

 

2.Wh- Questions

Example	When we use it	Question words
Who stole the watch?	للسؤال عن الانسان في حالة الفاعل	Who
Whom did you meet at the club?	للسؤال عن الانسان في حالة المفعول	Whom
What is on the desk?	للسؤال عن الحيوان و الجماد في حالتي الفاعل و المفعول	What
Whose house is this?	للسؤال عن الملكية	Whose
Which is faster:the bus or the train?	تستعمل للتمييز او التفصيل	Which
Where do they live?	للسؤال عن المكان	Where
When shall we meet?	للسؤال عن الزمن	When
Why did he  fail?	للسؤال عن السبب	Why
How did he travel to Cairo?	للسؤال عن الكيفية	How
How many boys are in the class?	للسؤال عن العدد	How many
How much does it cost?	للسؤال عن الثمن	How much
How far is the school from his house?	للسؤال عن المسافة	How far
How long did they stay there?	للسؤال عن طول المدة و طول الاشياء	How long
How tall is he?	للسؤال عن طول الاشخاص	How tall
How high is the mountain?	للسؤال عن الارتفاع	How high
How deep is the well?	للسؤال عن العمق	How deep
How wide is the garden?	للسؤال عن الاتساع	How wide
How heavy is the stone?	للسؤال عن الوزن	How heavy
How old is she?	للسؤال عن العمر	How old
How fast can the car go?	للسؤال عن السرعة	How fast
How often does he go to the cinema?	للسؤال عن عدد المرات	How often

 

Reading

A world of extremes

          Many animals have adapted to life in extreme heat and cold. Think of the extremes in Egypt. There are burning deserts and there are the high mountains of Sinai, which are sometimes covered with snow. Now think of the North Pole with its enormous glaciers and freezing water. Think of the rain forests of South America and Asia, with their heavy rain. Incredibly, these environments are home to many types of wild life.

          One of the animals best adapted to heat is Egypt’s sand cat. It is not much bigger that a city cat, but it’s designed for desert life, with thick fur on its feet to protect it from the heat. Sand cats are not often seen because they sleep underground during the day and only come out to hunt at night. Like many other desert animals, they do not have to find water, as they get all the moisture they need from their prey, which includes rats and mice.

          At the other extreme, polar bears live on the ice around the North Pole. They are between 2.5 and 4.5 meters long and more than 450 kilograms in weight. Their white fur and thick skin protect them from the extreme cold. They live on fish, which they catch through holes in the ice. They have an incredible sense of smell and can smell their prey as far as 16 kilometers away. They can run faster than 50 kilometers an hour.

 

Exercise